Appendix H
Image catalog and rights
72 image candidates, in three groups: 36 are rights-cleared and sitting on disk, 7 are rights-cleared but not yet retrieved, and 29 are not cleared. An uncleared image cannot enter any page, any print artifact, or the ebook; that is a build rule, not a preference.
Cleared and on disk
| ID | What it shows | Work | Year | Repository | Rights status and wording |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMG-L001 |  First page of Nova Methodus pro Maximis et Minimis: the first published calculus paper Leibniz, G. W. (1684). Nova methodus pro maximis et minimis. Acta Eruditorum, October 1684, p. 467. Public domain. |
Acta Eruditorum, October 1684, p. 467 | 1684 | Wikimedia Commons (scan from Internet Archive s1id13206500) | public_domain Wikimedia Commons file description page, Licensing section (retrieved 2026-08-14): "Public domain ... This work is in the public domain in its country of origin ... This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before J... |
| IMG-L002 |  Incipit of Nova Methodus (BEIC copy) Leibniz, G. W. (1684). Nova methodus pro maximis et minimis, incipit. BEIC 13376927. Public domain. |
Acta Eruditorum, October 1684 | 1684 | Wikimedia Commons / BEIC (Biblioteca Europea di Informazione e Cultura) | public_domain Wikimedia Commons file page hidden categories (2026-08-14): 'Media from BEIC', 'CC-PD-Mark', 'PD-old-100-expired' - i.e. Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0 plus public domain by age. BEIC (Biblioteca Europea di Informazione e Cultura) asserts no rights over the scan. |
| IMG-L003 |  Tabula XII: the engraved plate of diagrams for Nova Methodus, facing p. 466 Leibniz, G. W. (1684). Graphs for Nova methodus pro maximis et minimis, Acta Eruditorum, October 1684, Tabula XII. Public domain. |
Acta Eruditorum, October 1684, Tabula XII | 1684 | Wikimedia Commons / BEIC | public_domain Wikimedia Commons file description page, Licensing section (retrieved 2026-08-14): "Public domain ... This work is in the public domain in its country of origin ... This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before J... |
| IMG-NEW-11 |  Title page of The Method of Fluxions and Infinite Series (London, 1736), John Colson's translation Newton, The Method of Fluxions and Infinite Series (London: Henry Woodfall, 1736), title page. |
The Method of Fluxions and Infinite Series | 1736 | Internet Archive (scan); original work public domain by age | public_domain No licence statement found: archive.org item metadata at https://archive.org/metadata/methodoffluxions00newt (read 2026-08-14) returns no licenseurl, no rights and no possible-copyright-status field, and the item page carries no rights notice. Underlying work published 1736, public domain by age in ... |
| IMG-NEW-12 |  Page 20 of the 1736 Method of Fluxions: the definitions of fluents and fluxions with the dotted letters (note: the dots are William Jones's 1710 modernisation, not Newton's 1671 usage) Newton, The Method of Fluxions and Infinite Series (London, 1736), p. 20. |
The Method of Fluxions and Infinite Series | 1736 | Internet Archive | public_domain No licence statement found: archive.org item metadata at https://archive.org/metadata/methodoffluxions00newt (read 2026-08-14) returns no licenseurl, no rights and no possible-copyright-status field, and the item page carries no rights notice. Underlying work published 1736, public domain by age in ... |
| IMG-NEW-13 |  Title page of Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (London, 1687), first edition Newton, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (London, 1687), title page. |
Principia Mathematica | 1687 | Wikimedia Commons (Swiss copy) | public_domain Wikimedia Commons file description page, Licensing section (retrieved 2026-08-14): "Public domain ... This work is in the public domain in its country of origin ... This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before J... |
| IMG-NEW-13b |  Title page of the 1687 Principia, Wellcome Collection copy - an alternative to IMG-NEW-13 under an explicit CC BY 4.0 licence Newton, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (London, 1687), title page. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0. |
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica | 1687 | Wellcome Collection, London | cc_by Wellcome Collection image, licence recorded on the Wikimedia Commons mirror of the same Wellcome file (extmetadata LicenseShortName = "CC BY 4.0"; UsageTerms = "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0"; LicenseUrl = https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), read 2026-08-14. Image downloaded at higher r... |
| IMG-NEW-14 |  Principia 1687 p. 26: DE MOTU CORPORUM, Liber Primus, SECT. I, 'De Methodo Rationum primarum & ultimarum, cujus ope sequentia demonstrantur', with LEMMA I - Newton's limit method in print Newton, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (London, 1687), Bk I, Sec. I. |
Principia Mathematica | 1687 | Internet Archive, Smithsonian Libraries copy of the 1687 editio princeps | public_domain No licence statement found: archive.org item metadata at https://archive.org/metadata/philosophiaenat00newt (read 2026-08-14) returns no licenseurl, no rights and no possible-copyright-status field, and the item page carries no rights notice. Underlying work published 1687, public domain by age in t... |
| IMG-ARCH-01 |  Archimedes Palimpsest, prayer-book opening 110v-105r (Archimedes folio 27v), pseudocolour composite from the multispectral imaging - the erased Archimedes text made visible under the prayers The Archimedes Palimpsest, folio 110v-105r (Archimedes f. 27v), pseudocolour image. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore. Archimedes Palimpsest Digital Product, CC BY 3.0. |
Archimedes Palimpsest (Walters Art Museum MS W.B.M. 1) | 10th c. Archimedes text; 1229 prayer book; imaged 2000-2010 | The Walters Art Museum / Archimedes Palimpsest Digital Product | cc_by Archimedes Palimpsest digital release, 0_ReadMe.txt section "1 Rights and Conditions of Use", https://archimedespalimpsest.net/0_ReadMe.txt (retrieved 2026-08-14): "The Archimedes Palimpsest data is released with license for use under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Access Rights. It is re... |
| IMG-ARCH-02 |  Archimedes Palimpsest, same opening 110v-105r under 470 nm illumination - the plain visible-light state, for a before/after pairing with IMG-ARCH-01 The Archimedes Palimpsest, folio 110v-105r, 470 nm image. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore. CC BY 3.0. |
Archimedes Palimpsest (Walters Art Museum MS W.B.M. 1) | 10th c. / 1229 | The Walters Art Museum / Archimedes Palimpsest Digital Product | cc_by Archimedes Palimpsest digital release, 0_ReadMe.txt section "1 Rights and Conditions of Use", https://archimedespalimpsest.net/0_ReadMe.txt (retrieved 2026-08-14): "The Archimedes Palimpsest data is released with license for use under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Access Rights. It is re... |
| IMG-E18001 |  Title page of The Analyst, 1734, showing the subtitle 'addressed to an Infidel Mathematician' Berkeley, The Analyst (London, 1734), title page |
The Analyst | 1734 | Internet Archive, University of California / Bancroft Library copy of the 1734 first edition | public_domain archive.org item metadata field possible-copyright-status = NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT, read at https://archive.org/metadata/analystordiscour00berkrich on 2026-08-14 |
| IMG-E18005 |  Title page of Instituzioni analitiche ad uso della gioventu italiana, Tomo I Agnesi, Instituzioni analitiche (Milan, 1748), Tomo I, title page |
Instituzioni analitiche | 1748 | Internet Archive / Biblioteca de la Universidad de Sevilla | public_domain archive.org item metadata field licenseurl = http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ (Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0), read at https://archive.org/metadata/A298183 on 2026-08-14 |
| IMG-E18010 |  Title page of Theorie des fonctions analytiques, whose subtitle is the whole program Lagrange, Theorie des fonctions analytiques (Paris, 1797), title page |
Theorie des fonctions analytiques | 1797 | Internet Archive / University of Toronto (Fisher) | public_domain No licence statement found: archive.org item metadata at https://archive.org/metadata/theoriedesfoncti00lagr (read 2026-08-14) returns no licenseurl, no rights and no possible-copyright-status field, and the item page carries no rights notice. Underlying work published 1797, public domain by age in ... |
| IMG-E18017 |  Title page of du Chatelet's Principes mathematiques de la philosophie naturelle, tome second, naming her on the title page as 'feue Madame la Marquise du Chastellet' Newton, I., Principes mathematiques de la philosophie naturelle, trans. E. du Chatelet (Paris: Desaint & Saillant, 1759), vol. 2, title page. |
Principes mathematiques de la philosophie naturelle | 1759 | Internet Archive (Google scan) | public_domain archive.org item metadata gives archive.org item metadata field licenseurl = http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ (Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0), read at https://archive.org/metadata/NewtonDuChastelletPrincipesMathmatiquesDeLaPhilosophieNaturelle on 2026-08-14. The scan itsel... |
| IMG-E18018 |  Title page of Euler's Introductio in analysin infinitorum, tomus primus, Lausanne 1748 Euler, L., Introductio in analysin infinitorum, tomus primus (Lausanne: Bousquet, 1748), title page. |
Introductio in analysin infinitorum | 1748 | Internet Archive / Google scan of the University of Lausanne copy | public_domain archive.org item metadata gives archive.org item metadata field licenseurl = http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ (Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0), read at https://archive.org/metadata/bub_gb_jQ1bAAAAQAAJ on 2026-08-14. The scan itself bears a "Digitized by Google" watermark an... |
| IMG-P001 |  Title page of Cavalieri's Geometria indivisibilibus continuorum. NOTE: this is the 1653 second edition, not the 1635 first - see rights_wording for why the 1635 scan cannot be used Cavalieri, B., Geometria indivisibilibus continuorum nova quadam ratione promota, 2nd ed. (Bologna, 1653), title page. |
Geometria indivisibilibus continuorum nova quadam ratione promota | 1653 (2nd ed.; 1st ed. 1635) | Wikimedia Commons | public_domain Wikimedia Commons extmetadata: LicenseShortName = 'Public domain', UsageTerms = 'Public domain' (read 2026-08-14). SEPARATE FINDING ON THE 1635 FIRST EDITION: the only full scan located, archive.org item ita-bnc-mag-00001345-001 (Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze, 'early-european-books' colle... |
| IMG-P002 |  Title page of Wallis, Arithmetica Infinitorum, Oxford 1656 - 'Nova Methodus Inquirendi in Curvilineorum Quadraturam' Wallis, J., Arithmetica Infinitorum (Oxford: Leon. Lichfield for Tho. Robinson, 1656), title page. |
Arithmetica Infinitorum | 1656 | Internet Archive (Google scan, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek copy) | public_domain archive.org item metadata gives archive.org item metadata field licenseurl = http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ (Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0), read at https://archive.org/metadata/ArithmeticaInfinitorum on 2026-08-14. The scan itself bears a "Digitized by Google" watermark... |
| IMG-P003 |  Title page of Kepler, Nova stereometria doliorum vinariorum, Linz 1615 - the wine-barrel book Kepler, J., Nova stereometria doliorum vinariorum (Linz: Johannes Plancus, 1615), title page. |
Nova stereometria doliorum vinariorum | 1615 | Internet Archive, EPFL Library copy (chepfl-lipr-AXB124) | public_domain archive.org item metadata field licenseurl = http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ (Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0), read at https://archive.org/metadata/chepfl-lipr-AXB124 on 2026-08-14 IMPORTANT CONTRAST: the scan used by another research agent, archive.org item den-kbd-pil-21... |
| IMG-P004 |  Title page of Barrow, Lectiones Geometricae, London 1670 Barrow, I., Lectiones Geometricae (London: Gulielmus Godbid, 1670), title page. |
Lectiones Geometricae | 1670 | Internet Archive, 'Early English Books, 1641-1700 / Books in Microfilm' collection | public_domain No licence statement found at https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_lectiones-geometric-_barrow-isaac_1670 (2026-08-14): item metadata has no licenseurl, no rights and no possible-copyright-status field, and the item page shows no rights notice. The image itself carries no wa... |
| IMG-R001 |  Title page of the first edition of Cauchy's Cours d'analyse Cauchy, A.-L. (1821). Cours d'analyse de l'Ecole royale polytechnique. Paris: Imprimerie Royale. Internet Archive. |
Cours d'analyse de l'Ecole royale polytechnique | 1821 | Internet Archive (scan from University of Ottawa copy) | public_domain No licence statement found: archive.org item metadata at https://archive.org/metadata/coursdanalysedel00cauc (read 2026-08-14) returns no licenseurl, no rights and no possible-copyright-status field, and the item page carries no rights notice. Underlying work published 1821, public domain by age in ... |
| IMG-E18006 |  Fig. 135 and Problema III no. 238: Agnesi's construction of la Versiera Agnesi, Instituzioni analitiche (1748), Tomo I, p. 381 |
Instituzioni analitiche | 1748 | Internet Archive / Universidad de Sevilla | public_domain archive.org item metadata field licenseurl = http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ (Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0), read at https://archive.org/metadata/A298183 on 2026-08-14 |
| IMG-E18011 |  Lagrange art. 16-17: the introduction of f'x and of the primitive/derived distinction Lagrange, Theorie (1797), pp. 14-15 |
Theorie des fonctions analytiques | 1797 | Internet Archive | public_domain No licence statement found: archive.org item metadata at https://archive.org/metadata/theoriedesfoncti00lagr (read 2026-08-14) returns no licenseurl, no rights and no possible-copyright-status field, and the item page carries no rights notice. Underlying work published 1797, public domain by age in ... |
| IMG-E18014 |  Brewster 1831 p. 194, the page that created 'tanquam ex ungue leonem' Brewster, The Life of Sir Isaac Newton (London, 1831), p. 194 |
The Life of Sir Isaac Newton | 1831 | Internet Archive / Wellcome Library | public_domain archive.org item metadata 'rights' field for b33028035_0001 links to a Creative Commons Public Domain Mark (Wellcome Library contribution), read at https://archive.org/metadata/b33028035_0001 on 2026-08-14. Work published 1831, public domain by age. |
| IMG-R002 |  Page 131 of the Cours d'analyse showing Theorem I - the false theorem on sums of continuous functions - exactly as Abel cited it Cauchy, A.-L. (1821). Cours d'analyse, p. 131. Internet Archive. |
Cours d'analyse, ch. VI sec. 1 | 1821 | Internet Archive | public_domain No licence statement found: archive.org item metadata at https://archive.org/metadata/coursdanalysedel00cauc (read 2026-08-14) returns no licenseurl, no rights and no possible-copyright-status field, and the item page carries no rights notice. Underlying work published 1821, public domain by age in ... |
| IMG-R005 |  Abel's 1826 footnote quoting Cauchy's page 131 and giving the counterexample series Abel, N. H. (1881). Oeuvres completes (L. Sylow & S. Lie, Eds.), vol. 1, p. 71. Christiania: Grondahl. Internet Archive. |
Oeuvres completes de Niels Henrik Abel, vol. 1, p. 71 | 1881 | Internet Archive | public_domain archive.org item metadata gives archive.org item metadata field possible-copyright-status = NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT, read at https://archive.org/metadata/oeuvrescomplete01abelgoog on 2026-08-14. The scan itself bears a "Digitized by Google" watermark and the Google boilerplate leaf states: "We also ask tha... |
| IMG-R006 |  Hermite's letter 374 to Stieltjes of 20 May 1893, showing the 'effroi et horreur' sentence in the original French Hermite, C., & Stieltjes, T. J. (1905). Correspondance (B. Baillaud & H. Bourget, Eds.), vol. II, p. 318. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. Internet Archive. |
Correspondance d'Hermite et de Stieltjes, vol. II, p. 318 | 1905 | Internet Archive | public_domain archive.org item metadata field possible-copyright-status = NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT, read at https://archive.org/metadata/correspondancedh02herm on 2026-08-14 |
| IMG-R011 |  Cauchy's definition of a continuous function: Cours d'analyse ch. II sec. 2, 'De la continuite des Fonctions', with f(x+a)-f(x) decreasing indefinitely with a Cauchy, A.-L. (1821). Cours d'analyse de l'Ecole royale polytechnique, p. 34. Paris: Imprimerie Royale. |
Cours d'analyse de l'Ecole royale polytechnique | 1821 | Internet Archive, University of Toronto (Fisher) copy, sponsored by the University of Ottawa | public_domain No licence statement found: archive.org item metadata at https://archive.org/metadata/coursdanalysedel00cauc (read 2026-08-14) returns no licenseurl, no rights and no possible-copyright-status field, and the item page carries no rights notice. Underlying work published 1821, public domain by age in ... |
| IMG-POR-01 |  Isaac Newton, line engraving by George Vertue, 1726, after John Vanderbank - a pre-1930 engraving, deliberately chosen over a modern photograph of a painting because the rights are cleaner Isaac Newton, line engraving by George Vertue, 1726, after John Vanderbank. Wellcome Collection (V0004266). CC BY 4.0. |
Isaac Newton portrait | 1726 | Wellcome Collection, London | cc_by Wellcome Collection image, licence recorded on the Wikimedia Commons mirror of the same Wellcome file (extmetadata LicenseShortName = "CC BY 4.0"; UsageTerms = "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0"; LicenseUrl = https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), read 2026-08-14. Image downloaded at higher r... |
| IMG-POR-02 |  Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, line engraving - a pre-1930 engraving, deliberately chosen over a modern photograph of a painting because the rights are cleaner Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, line engraving. Wellcome Collection (V0003477). CC BY 4.0. |
Leibniz portrait | 18th century | Wellcome Collection, London | cc_by Wellcome Collection image, licence recorded on the Wikimedia Commons mirror of the same Wellcome file (extmetadata LicenseShortName = "CC BY 4.0"; UsageTerms = "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0"; LicenseUrl = https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), read 2026-08-14. Image downloaded at higher r... |
| IMG-POR-03 |  Leonhard Euler, stipple engraving by G. Stodart - a pre-1930 engraving, deliberately chosen over a modern photograph of a painting because the rights are cleaner Leonhard Euler, stipple engraving by G. Stodart. Wellcome Collection (V0001799). CC BY 4.0. |
Euler portrait | 19th century | Wellcome Collection, London | cc_by Wellcome Collection image, licence recorded on the Wikimedia Commons mirror of the same Wellcome file (extmetadata LicenseShortName = "CC BY 4.0"; UsageTerms = "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0"; LicenseUrl = https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), read 2026-08-14. Image downloaded at higher r... |
| IMG-POR-04 |  John Wallis, line engraving by Michael Burghers, 1699 - a pre-1930 engraving, deliberately chosen over a modern photograph of a painting because the rights are cleaner John Wallis, line engraving by Michael Burghers, 1699. Wellcome Collection (V0006134). CC BY 4.0. |
Wallis portrait | 1699 | Wellcome Collection, London | cc_by Wellcome Collection image, licence recorded on the Wikimedia Commons mirror of the same Wellcome file (extmetadata LicenseShortName = "CC BY 4.0"; UsageTerms = "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0"; LicenseUrl = https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), read 2026-08-14. Image downloaded at higher r... |
| IMG-POR-05 |  Isaac Barrow, line engraving by J. Cole - a pre-1930 engraving, deliberately chosen over a modern photograph of a painting because the rights are cleaner Isaac Barrow, line engraving by J. Cole. Wellcome Collection (V0000370). CC BY 4.0. |
Barrow portrait | 18th century | Wellcome Collection, London | cc_by Wellcome Collection image, licence recorded on the Wikimedia Commons mirror of the same Wellcome file (extmetadata LicenseShortName = "CC BY 4.0"; UsageTerms = "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0"; LicenseUrl = https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), read 2026-08-14. Image downloaded at higher r... |
| IMG-POR-06 |  George Berkeley, line engraving - a pre-1930 engraving, deliberately chosen over a modern photograph of a painting because the rights are cleaner George Berkeley, line engraving. Wellcome Collection (V0000473). CC BY 4.0. |
Berkeley portrait | 18th-19th century | Wellcome Collection, London | cc_by Wellcome Collection image, licence recorded on the Wikimedia Commons mirror of the same Wellcome file (extmetadata LicenseShortName = "CC BY 4.0"; UsageTerms = "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0"; LicenseUrl = https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), read 2026-08-14. Image downloaded at higher r... |
| IMG-POR-07 |  Johannes Kepler, line engraving by N. Dietz - a pre-1930 engraving, deliberately chosen over a modern photograph of a painting because the rights are cleaner Johannes Kepler, line engraving by N. Dietz. Wellcome Collection (V0003204). CC BY 4.0. |
Kepler portrait | 18th-19th century | Wellcome Collection, London | cc_by Wellcome Collection image, licence recorded on the Wikimedia Commons mirror of the same Wellcome file (extmetadata LicenseShortName = "CC BY 4.0"; UsageTerms = "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0"; LicenseUrl = https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), read 2026-08-14. Image downloaded at higher r... |
| IMG-POR-08 |  Joseph-Louis Lagrange, line engraving by Locatelli - a pre-1930 engraving, deliberately chosen over a modern photograph of a painting because the rights are cleaner Joseph-Louis Lagrange, line engraving by Locatelli. Wellcome Collection (V0003310). CC BY 4.0. |
Lagrange portrait | 19th century | Wellcome Collection, London | cc_by Wellcome Collection image, licence recorded on the Wikimedia Commons mirror of the same Wellcome file (extmetadata LicenseShortName = "CC BY 4.0"; UsageTerms = "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0"; LicenseUrl = https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), read 2026-08-14. Image downloaded at higher r... |
| IMG-POR-09 |  Colin Maclaurin, engraving by T. Trotter, 1798 - a pre-1930 engraving, deliberately chosen over a modern photograph of a painting because the rights are cleaner Colin Maclaurin, engraving by T. Trotter, 1798. Wellcome Collection (V0003763). CC BY 4.0. |
Maclaurin portrait | 1798 | Wellcome Collection, London | cc_by Wellcome Collection image, licence recorded on the Wikimedia Commons mirror of the same Wellcome file (extmetadata LicenseShortName = "CC BY 4.0"; UsageTerms = "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0"; LicenseUrl = https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), read 2026-08-14. Image downloaded at higher r... |
Cleared, not yet retrieved
| ID | What it shows | Work | Year | Repository | Rights status and wording |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMG-R004 | Title page and p. 8 of Bolzano's Rein analytischer Beweis showing the 1817 definition of continuity | Rein analytischer Beweis (Ostwalds Klassiker reprint) | 1905 | Internet Archive | public_domain archive.org item metadata field possible-copyright-status = NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT, read at https://archive.org/metadata/reinanalytische00hankgoog on 2026-08-14 |
| IMG-R003 | Cauchy's definition of the definite integral as a limit of sums, 21st lecture, and the explanation of the integral sign as a stretched S | Resume des lecons ... sur le calcul infinitesimal, pp. 81-84 | 1823 | Internet Archive | public_domain archive.org item metadata field licenseurl = http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ (Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0), read at https://archive.org/metadata/bub_gb_y7FSr1rrFsIC on 2026-08-14 |
| IMG-R007 | Riemann's definition of the definite integral, section 4 of the Habilitationsschrift, ending 'so hat [the integral] keine Bedeutung' | Gesammelte mathematische Werke, 2nd ed., pp. 239-240 | 1892 | Internet Archive | public_domain archive.org item metadata field possible-copyright-status = NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT, read at https://archive.org/metadata/gesammeltemathem00riemuoft on 2026-08-14 |
| IMG-R008 | Dedekind's preface stating 'I succeeded Nov. 24, 1858' | Essays on the Theory of Numbers (Beman trans.), pp. 1-2 | 1901 | Internet Archive (Cornell copy) | public_domain No licence statement found: archive.org item metadata at https://archive.org/metadata/cu31924001586282 (read 2026-08-14) returns no licenseurl, no rights and no possible-copyright-status field, and the item page carries no rights notice. Underlying work published 1901, public domain by age in the US... |
| IMG-U439 | Title page of Charles Hayes, A Treatise of Fluxions (1704), and the circle diagram (ABF with perpendicular FG) by which he argues for infinitesimals of second and third order | A Treatise of Fluxions: or, an Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy | 1704 | Internet Archive (Google scan) | public_domain archive.org item atreatisefluxio00hayegoog (Google scan). Google's boilerplate leaf: 'We also ask that you: Make non-commercial use of the files ... we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes.' That is a request, not a licence condition, and Google claims no copyright ... |
| IMG-U413 | Title page and Preliminary Dissertation of Mary Somerville, Mechanism of the Heavens | Mechanism of the Heavens | 1831 | Internet Archive (scan of a library copy) | public_domain Underlying work published 1831, public domain by age; archive.org item mechanismofheave00somerich. Repository rights field not independently re-checked in this pass. |
| IMG-U423 | Cover page and equation-development pages of NASA Technical Note D-233 showing "By T. H. Skopinski and Katherine G. Johnson" | NASA TN D-233, Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite over a Selected Earth Position | 1960 | NASA Technical Reports Server | public_domain NASA Technical Reports Server metadata: determinationType = GOV_PUBLIC_USE_PERMITTED, belongsToUsGov = true, distribution = PUBLIC (checked 2026-08-14). Works of the US federal government are not subject to US copyright (17 U.S.C. 105). Safe for commercial publication. |
Not cleared: not published
| ID | What it shows | Work | Year | Repository | Rights status and wording |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMG-L004 | Manuscript of 29 October 1675, Analyseos tetragonisticae pars secunda: the first integral sign | Leibniz manuscript, 29 October 1675 | 1675 | Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek, Hanover (Leibniz-Handschriften, LH 35 series) | not_located No image and no rights statement located (2026-08-14). Contact: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek, Waterloostrasse 8, 30169 Hannover. |
| IMG-L005 | Newton's holograph draft of the anonymous 1715 Account of the Commercium Epistolicum | Cambridge University Library MS Add. 3968, ff. 67r-96v | c.1712-1715 | Cambridge Digital Library | restricted Cambridge Digital Library IIIF manifest "attribution" field, retrieved 2026-08-14 from https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/iiif/<CLASSMARK> : "Provided by Cambridge University Library. Cambridge University Library Images made available for download are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommer... |
| IMG-NEW-01 | Cover of Newton's Waste Book, with 'Waste Book' written in his hand on his dead stepfather's theological commonplace book | Newton's Waste Book (CUL MS Add. 4004) | 1612 (begun by Barnabas Smith); Newton's use from 1664 | Cambridge University Library / Cambridge Digital Library | restricted Cambridge Digital Library IIIF manifest "attribution" field, retrieved 2026-08-14 from https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/iiif/<CLASSMARK> : "Provided by Cambridge University Library. Cambridge University Library Images made available for download are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommer... |
| IMG-NEW-02 | Waste Book folio where Newton replaces infinitesimal increments of space with instantaneous velocities of a moving point - the birth of the fluxion, autumn 1665 | Newton's Waste Book (CUL MS Add. 4004) | 1665 | Cambridge University Library / Cambridge Digital Library | restricted Cambridge Digital Library IIIF manifest "attribution" field, retrieved 2026-08-14 from https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/iiif/<CLASSMARK> : "Provided by Cambridge University Library. Cambridge University Library Images made available for download are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommer... |
| IMG-NEW-03 | A page of Newton's logarithm computation carried to more than 50 decimal places, summer 1665 - a whole sheet of nothing but digits | Newton Papers: Early Papers (CUL MS Add. 3958), ff. 78r-80v | 1665 | Cambridge University Library / Cambridge Digital Library | restricted Cambridge Digital Library IIIF manifest "attribution" field, retrieved 2026-08-14 from https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/iiif/<CLASSMARK> : "Provided by Cambridge University Library. Cambridge University Library Images made available for download are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommer... |
| IMG-NEW-04 | A folio of the October 1666 tract on fluxions, applying the rules of the calculus to a cubic curve | October 1666 Tract on Fluxions (CUL MS Add. 3958.3, f. 52v) | 1666 | Cambridge University Library / Cambridge Digital Library | restricted Cambridge Digital Library IIIF manifest "attribution" field, retrieved 2026-08-14 from https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/iiif/<CLASSMARK> : "Provided by Cambridge University Library. Cambridge University Library Images made available for download are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommer... |
| IMG-NEW-05 | The 'vellum manuscript': Newton's calculations on circular motion and gravity, written on a piece of legal parchment | Newton Papers: Early Papers (CUL MS Add. 3958, f. 45r) | c. 1665-1669 | Cambridge University Library / Cambridge Digital Library | restricted Cambridge Digital Library IIIF manifest "attribution" field, retrieved 2026-08-14 from https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/iiif/<CLASSMARK> : "Provided by Cambridge University Library. Cambridge University Library Images made available for download are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommer... |
| IMG-NEW-06 | Newton's memorandum on his own anni mirabiles - 'in those days I was in the prime of my age for invention' | Papers relating to the dispute respecting the invention of fluxions (CUL MS Add. 3968.41, f. 85r) | c. 1714-1718 | Cambridge University Library / Cambridge Digital Library | restricted Cambridge Digital Library IIIF manifest "attribution" field, retrieved 2026-08-14 from https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/iiif/<CLASSMARK> : "Provided by Cambridge University Library. Cambridge University Library Images made available for download are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommer... |
| IMG-NEW-07 | Stukeley's manuscript page recording Newton's own telling of the apple story, folio 15r | Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life (Royal Society MS/142, f. 15r) | 1752 | Royal Society Library, London | restricted Royal Society Picture Library Terms and Conditions, https://pictures.royalsociety.org/terms-and-conditions (retrieved 2026-08-14): "We are the owner or the lawful representative of the owner of all intellectual property rights in our site, and in the material published on it... All such rights are r... |
| IMG-NEW-08 | Opening page of De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas, the manuscript Barrow posted to Collins on 31 July 1669 | De analysi (Royal Society MS/81/4) | 1669 | Royal Society Library, London | restricted Royal Society Picture Library Terms and Conditions, https://pictures.royalsociety.org/terms-and-conditions (retrieved 2026-08-14): "We are the owner or the lawful representative of the owner of all intellectual property rights in our site, and in the material published on it... All such rights are r... |
| IMG-E18003 | Preface p. xiv of the Analyse des infiniment petits, with the acknowledgment to the Bernoullis and Leibniz | Analyse des infiniment petits | 1716 (2nd ed. of 1696) | Internet Archive, University of Ottawa copy | public_domain Wikimedia Commons File:L'Hospital - Analyse des infiniment petits pour l'intelligence des lignes courbes, 1696.jpg, extmetadata LicenseShortName = 'Public domain', UsageTerms = 'Public domain' (read via the Commons API 2026-08-14). 786 x 1179 px. |
| IMG-E18012 | Preface p. i of Maclaurin's Treatise of Fluxions: 'A Letter published in the Year 1734, under the Title of the Analyst...' | A Treatise of Fluxions | 1742 | Internet Archive / Ghent University (Google scan) | public_domain archive.org item metadata gives archive.org item metadata field possible-copyright-status = NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT, read at https://archive.org/metadata/atreatisefluxio00conggoog on 2026-08-14. The scan itself bears a "Digitized by Google" watermark and the Google boilerplate leaf states: "We also ask tha... |
| IMG-E18016 | Frontispiece of the 1742 Amsterdam Institutions de physique, showing du Chatelet | Institutions de physique | 1742 | to be sourced (Gallica or Wikimedia Commons) | unclear Not assessed (2026-08-14). |
| IMG-E18002 | Page bearing Section 35, the 'ghosts of departed quantities' passage | The Analyst | 1734 | Internet Archive, https://archive.org/details/analystordiscour00berkrich | public_domain archive.org item metadata field possible-copyright-status = NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT, read at https://archive.org/metadata/analystordiscour00berkrich on 2026-08-14 |
| IMG-E18004 | Section IX, Proposition I (art. 163) - the first printing of L'Hopital's rule, with its figure | Analyse des infiniment petits | 1716 | Internet Archive | public_domain No licence statement found: archive.org item metadata at https://archive.org/metadata/infinimentpetits1716lhos00uoft (read 2026-08-14) returns no licenseurl, no rights and no possible-copyright-status field, and the item page carries no rights notice. Underlying work published 1716, public domain by... |
| IMG-E18007 | Colson's English page reading 'which is vulgarly called the Witch' - the mistranslation in print | Analytical Institutions | 1801 | Internet Archive / University of California Libraries | public_domain archive.org item metadata field possible-copyright-status = NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT, read at https://archive.org/metadata/analyticalinstit00agnerich on 2026-08-14 |
| IMG-E18008 | Introductio in analysin infinitorum, Book I S.126: Euler adopts the symbol pi | Introductio in analysin infinitorum | 1748 | Internet Archive / Google scan of the University of Lausanne copy | public_domain archive.org item metadata gives archive.org item metadata field licenseurl = http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ (Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0), read at https://archive.org/metadata/bub_gb_jQ1bAAAAQAAJ on 2026-08-14. The scan itself bears a "Digitized by Google" watermark an... |
| IMG-E18009 | Introductio Book I S.138: e^(v sqrt(-1)) = cos v + sqrt(-1) sin v | Introductio in analysin infinitorum | 1748 | Internet Archive | public_domain archive.org item metadata gives archive.org item metadata field licenseurl = http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ (Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0), read at https://archive.org/metadata/bub_gb_jQ1bAAAAQAAJ on 2026-08-14. The scan itself bears a "Digitized by Google" watermark an... |
| IMG-NEW-15 | The page of the Philosophical Transactions carrying Newton's anonymous claim that he found the Principia's propositions 'By the help of the new Analysis' | An Account of the Book entituled Commercium Epistolicum | 1715 | Royal Society / Philosophical Transactions vol. 29 no. 342, p. 206 | public_domain No statement found at https://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Newton/CommerciumAccount/CommAcc.pdf (2026-08-14). Underlying Phil. Trans. vol. 29 (1715) is public domain by age. |
| IMG-E18013 | Jacob Bernoulli's tomb in the cloisters of the Basel Munster, showing the ARCHIMEDEAN spiral the mason carved by mistake | monument | 1705 or later | MacTutor (photograph) and Wikimedia Commons | unclear No licence statement found at https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Extras/Bernoulli_tomb/ (2026-08-14). Note: photographs of three-dimensional objects attract their own copyright. |
| IMG-E18015 | Portrait of Maria Gaetana Agnesi | portrait | 18th century | to be sourced (Wikimedia Commons; several 18th-century portraits circulate, of varying attribution) | unclear Not assessed - candidate files not individually checked (2026-08-14). |
| IMG-NEW-09 | Newton's Twelve Articles on religion, the whole heretical creed on a single leaf in his own hand | Twelve articles on religion (Keynes Ms. 8, f. 1r) | c. 1710s-1720s | King's College Library, Cambridge | unclear No statement found at https://www.newtonproject.ox.ac.uk/view/texts/diplomatic/THEM00008 (2026-08-14). |
| IMG-NEW-10 | William Chaloner's begging letter to Isaac Newton from prison: 'O no body can save me but you' | Chaloner's letter to Newton (TNA MINT 15/17/205) | 1699 | The National Archives, Kew | unclear No statement found at https://www.newtonproject.ox.ac.uk/view/texts/normalized/MINT00918 (2026-08-14). Check the Open Government Licence position with The National Archives, Kew. |
| IMG-NEW-16 | Newton's monument in Westminster Abbey, and a close view of the inscription 'OBIIT XX MAR MDCCXXVI' - the tomb that disagrees with the textbooks | Newton monument, by Michael Rysbrack after William Kent | 1730-1731 | Westminster Abbey, London | restricted Westminster Abbey asserts copyright in its images (Dean and Chapter of Westminster); no free-reuse licence offered at https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/commemorations/sir-isaac-newton (2026-08-14). |
| IMG-ARCH-03 | OUTSTANDING: a palimpsest folio specifically carrying The Method of Mechanical Theorems | Archimedes Palimpsest | 10th c. | The Walters Art Museum / Archimedes Palimpsest Digital Product | cc_by Archimedes Palimpsest digital release, 0_ReadMe.txt section "1 Rights and Conditions of Use", https://archimedespalimpsest.net/0_ReadMe.txt (retrieved 2026-08-14): "The Archimedes Palimpsest data is released with license for use under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Access Rights. It is re... |
| IMG-R009 | Graph of the Weierstrass function and its successive magnifications, showing self-similar roughness at every scale | Weierstrass's non-differentiable function (course notes) | 2014 | University of Minnesota (Jeff Calder) | restricted No licence statement found at https://www-users.cse.umn.edu/~jwcalder/104F14/weierstrass-function.pdf (2026-08-14). Default: all rights reserved. |
| IMG-R010 | Diagram of the first three stages of Bolzano's piecewise-linear construction B_k(x) | Continuous Nowhere Differentiable Functions (MSc thesis), fig. 3.1 | 2003 | Lulea University of Technology | restricted No licence statement found at https://andrescaicedo.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/ltu-ex-03320-se.pdf (2026-08-14). Default: all rights reserved. |
| IMG-U411 | Opening pages of the anonymous 1834 Quarterly Review article in which the word "scientist" first appears in print, including the paragraph attributing it to "some ingenious gentleman" and the "nature-poker" footnote | [Whewell], review of Somerville, On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences, Quarterly Review LI (101) | 1834 | Scan posted by the Centre for the History of the Sciences, University of Kent (Charlotte Sleigh) | unclear No licence statement found at https://blogs.kent.ac.uk/sciencecomma/2015/04/09/whewell-and-the-coining-of-scientist-in-the-quarterly-review/ (recorded by the contributing agent, 2026-08-14). Underlying 1834 publication is public domain by age. The PDF in sources/ is a READING copy only, not a public... |
| IMG-U415 | The Note G diagram: Lovelace's table of the operations by which the Analytical Engine would compute the Bernoulli number B7 | Menabrea, Sketch of the Analytical Engine, with Notes by A. A. L., Scientific Memoirs vol. 3 | 1843 | fourmilab.ch transcription (image reproduced from the 1843 printing) | unclear No licence statement found at https://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html (recorded by the contributing agent, 2026-08-14). |