The History of Calculus Who found it, who fought over it, and why your notation looks the way it does

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E​‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‍‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌​verything in the book, in reading order. The story is Part I; everything after it is reference you can dip into in any order.

Before the story

  1. How to read this book

Part I. The story

  1. Chapter 1. Two problems, and why they turned out to be one 3 min
  2. Chapter 2. Greece: a method that could check, but could not find 9 min
  3. Chapter 3. Elsewhere: the parts most textbooks skip 16 min
  4. Chapter 4. Medieval Europe: somebody invents the graph 5 min
  5. Chapter 5. The seventeenth century: everybody gets close 20 min
  6. Chapter 6. Newton 20 min
  7. Chapter 7. Leibniz 9 min
  8. Chapter 8. The war 8 min
  9. Chapter 9. The eighteenth century: attacked, defended, and put to work 21 min
  10. Chapter 10. The nineteenth century: making it true 15 min
  11. Chapter 11. The people history skipped 13 min
  12. Chapter 12. Calculus now 9 min

Part II. The master timeline

  1. The master timeline
  2. Antiquity to 500 CE
  3. 500 to 1400: the wider world and the medieval schools
  4. 1400 to 1637: Kerala, print, and the algebraic turn
  5. 1637 to 1665: the race begins
  6. 1665 to 1687: Newton and Leibniz
  7. 1688 to 1734: publication, textbooks, and the war
  8. 1734 to 1799: attack, repair, and the Enlightenment
  9. 1800 to 1872: the age of rigor
  10. 1873 to 1913: measure, set theory, and the modern integral
  11. 1914 to the present: vindication and the machine age

Part III. The reference shelf

  1. Appendix A. People register
  2. Appendix B. Symbols, words, and eponyms
  3. Appendix C. Pronunciation quick reference
  4. Appendix D. Whose name is on it, and who did the work
  5. Appendix E. Worked mathematics, re-derived and checked in code
  6. Appendix F. Disagreements between sources
  7. Appendix G. Stories that check out, and stories that do not
  8. Appendix H. Image catalog and rights
  9. Appendix I. Where each story goes in your two textbooks
  10. Appendix J. Bibliography
  11. Appendix K. What could not be verified, and what to request
  12. Glossary

About this book

  1. Provenance, and how this book was built

Tools

  1. Where this connects to your course
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